Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) stands out as a vital observational tool within a structured practice development process, specifically designed for enhancing dementia care. Implemented through a cyclical approach, DCM involves initial staff briefings, meticulous mapping observations, thorough data analysis and report generation, followed by feedback sessions with staff and the formulation of actionable plans. While recent studies exploring DCM’s effectiveness have shown varied outcomes, inconsistencies in its implementation have been identified as a potential factor influencing these results.
This review delves into the existing primary research, examining the processes involved in DCM implementation and pinpointing the barriers and facilitators encountered when using DCM as a practice development method in formal dementia care environments. A comprehensive search across databases including PUBMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, HMIC (Ovid), Web of Science, and Social Care Online was conducted using “Dementia Care Mapping” as the search term. The review focused on primary research studies conducted in formal dementia care settings that utilized DCM as a practice development tool and included discussions or critiques of the implementation processes. Study quality was rigorously assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.
Twelve papers, representing nine distinct research studies, met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These papers provided insights into various facets of the DCM process, such as the selection and preparation of mappers, the mapping observations themselves, data analysis, report drafting and feedback delivery, and action planning stages. However, the review highlighted a scarcity of robust evidence detailing the specific requirements for successful implementation across these components. Barriers and facilitators impacting the mapping process were also discussed within the reviewed literature.
The review identified a general consensus regarding key elements for successful DCM implementation. These include selecting suitable individuals for mapper training, ensuring adequate mapper preparation and continuous support, and establishing effective leadership for DCM implementation within the organization or unit. Furthermore, organizations already fostering a person-centered culture or ethos appear to be more conducive to successful DCM integration. Future advancements of the DCM tool should prioritize methods to reduce the time investment required for DCM cycles. Further research is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the essential components for effective DCM implementation, solidifying its role as a valuable Dementia Care Tool.
